Abstract Background Patterns of mtDNA variation within a species reflect long-term population structure, but may also be influenced by maternally inherited endosymbionts, such as Wolbachia.These bacteria often alter host reproductive biology and can drive particular mtDNA haplotypes through populations.We investigated the impacts of Wolbachia infec
Salinity is one of the abiotic stresses that affect crop growth and productivity in arid and semi-arid regions.Unfortunately, there are few known methods to mitigate the deleterious impacts of salt stress on the development and yield of vegetable click here crops.Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are endowed with the potential to curb the negative i
The application of quantitative PCR (qPCR) as a routine method to detect and enumerate Paenibacillus larvae in honey and hive debris could greatly speed up the estimation of prevalence and outbreak risk of the American foulbrood (AFB) disease of Apis mellifera.However, none of the qPCR tests described so far has been officially proposed as a standa
Escherichia coli K-12 is a model organism for bacteriology and has served as a workhorse for molecular biology and biochemistry for over a century since its first isolation in 1922.However, Escherichia coli K-12 strains sex shop arles are phenotypically devoid of an O antigen (OAg) since early reports in the scientific literature.Recent studies hav